Antenna Miniaturization Using Fractals (RESEARCH NOTE)

Antenna Miniaturization Using Fractals Richa Garg, AP ECE Deptt., [email protected], J.C.D.C.O.E., Sirsa ABSTRACTThe use of fractal geometry in designing antenna has been a resent topic of interest. Fractal shape has their own unique characteristics that the improved antenna performance can be achieved without degrading the antenna properties. Modern telecommunication system requires antenna having wider bandwidth and reduced size. Fractal antennas have become a hot topic of interest for the antenna designers because of their unique features like compact size, multi band operation etc. Now a days, the size of electronic system has decreased drastically whereas functionality has increased. The antennas have not experienced that evolution. Wireless communications have progressed very rapidly in recent years, and many mobile units are becoming smaller and smaller. To meet the miniaturization requirement, the antennas employed in mobile terminals must have their dimensions reduced accordingly. Several researchers studied and suggested the incorporation of fractal antenna is advantageous as the space filling properties of antenna leads to the miniaturization of the antenna. Fractals have non-integral dimensions and their space filling capability could be used for miniaturizing antenna size. Fractal antennas have improved Impedance, improved SWR (standing wave ratio) performance on a reduced physical area when compared to non fractal Euclidean geometries. In many cases, the use of fractal element antennas can simplify circuit design. Often fractal antenna, do not require any matching components to achieve multiband or broadband performance. Perturbation could be applied to shape of fractal antenna to make it to resonate at different frequency. Another beneficial factor of fractal antennas is that they are in form of a PCB.The objective here is to give the description of designing and simulation of a microstrip patch Fractal Antenna .The behavior and properties of this antenna are investigated and compared with the simple microstrip patch antenna. Different iterations were considered to miniaturize the size of antenna without degrading the antenna performances. In theoretical design procedure, numerical simulation was performed using software Ansoft HFSS v 11.